Copyright: 2000 S.A. Klein


Fluid Property Information

This program calculates the thermodynamic properties of a specified fluid given any two independent variables.  The program was developed using the Diagram window and the distributable option in EES.

The units for the two independent variables may not display correctly when the program is first opened.  Selecting the Unit System or fluid will correct this problem.

Written by S.A. Klein and W.A. Beckman, July, 2000

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EES provided built-in property data for the fluids listed below.  Click on a fluid name to access additional information for that fluid.  All

names in EES are case-insensitive. Additional fluid property data can be added by the user.

	Ammonia	n-Butane	R11	R290
	Ammonia_ha*	n-Butane_ha*	R12	R404A
	Argon*	Neon*	R13	R407C
	Carbondioxide*	Nitrogen*	R14	R410A
	Ethane*	Propane	R22	R500
	Ethylene*	Propane_ha*	R22_ha*	R502
	Helium*	Propylene*	R23*	R600
	Isobutane*	Steam	R32*	R600a
	Isopentane*	Steam_IAPWS*	R114	R717
	Methane*	Steam_NBS*	R123	R718
	Oxygen*	Water	R134a	R744
			R134a_ha*
			R141b*
			R152a*

* These fluids are implemented using a high accuracy equation of state.  In some cases, property data for the same fluids may also be implemented using the Martin-Hou equation of state.  The Martin-Hou is less accurate near the critical region and in the subcooled regime.  However, it requires far less computational effort.  When both the high accuracy and Martin-Hou formulations appear for the same fluid,  _ha is appended to the fluid name for the high accuracy formulation.


User-Supplied Property Data

EES allows the user to add new property data to the existing data base.  An ASCII file containing the coefficients of the property data correlations must be prepared for each new fluid and placed in the USERLIB subdirectory.  Two types of data can be supplied: real fluid and JANAF table ideal gas.

The real fluid is represented by the Martin-Hou equation of state.  The file can have any legitimate DOS name with a .MHE filename extension.  An example with comments is provided in the XFLUID.MHE file in the USERLIB directory.

The JANAF table ideal gas files must have a .IDG filename extension.  An example with comments is provided in the TESTIDG.IDG file in the USERLIB directory.

Up to 100 additional fluids can be added in this manner. See Appendix D for additional information.


AIR

The thermodynamic and transport properties of air are implemented assuming that it obeys the ideal gas law.  The thermodynamic properties are based on data from Keenan, Chao, Keyes, Gas Tables, Wiley, 1985.  The properties are valid from 100 K to 3500 K.

The viscosity correlation is applicable from 250 K to 1050 K.

The thermal conductivity correlation is applicable from 250 K to 1400 K.

Note:  Air does NOT use the JANAF table reference states for enthalpy and entropy and can not be used in combustion calculations unless the reference state values are shifted.  If combustion calculations are needed, a mixture of O2 and N2 should be used in place of air.

Fluid Property Information


AIRH2O

Substance AIRH2O implements air-water vapor mixture (psychrometric) properties using thermodynamic data from the built-in AIR and STEAM property relations.  Wet-bulb is approixmated with the adiabatic saturation temperature.  The reference state sets the specific enthalpy and entropy of dry air to 0 at 0 F (in English units) and 0 C in (SI units) for consistency with most psychrometric charts.  The reference state for water vapor is based on the traditional steam table reference state.

Note that substance AIRH2O requires three independent properties to fix the state.  Pressure is one of the required properties.  The relative amount of moisture can be indicated by providing the humidity ratio (W), relative humidity (R), dewpoint temperature (D) or wetbulb temperature (B).   The following property functions only operate with substance AIRH2O: DEWPOINT, HUMRAT, WETBULB, RELHUM.

Viscosity and thermal conductivity of air-water vapor mixture are determined using the transport property data for pure air and pure water vapor with mixing rules as described by Van den Bulck Ph.D p. 358.

Fluid Property Information


AMMONIA or R717

AMMONIA provides thermodynamic properties for ammonia using the Martin-Hou equation of state (A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 1:142, 1955).  The correlations should be valid between 200 K and 700 K. R717 provides the same property data as AMMONIA

Range of applicability for transport function correlations:

Gas-phase viscosity:  200 K to 1000 K

Liquid-phase viscosity: 230 K to 390 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 230 K to 900 K

Liquid-phase thermal conductivity: 244 K to 406 K

The Martin-Hou equation of state is valid for states in which the density is less than 1.5 times the critical density.  Properties in the vicinity of the critical point and at high pressures may be inaccurate.  Properties in the subcooled region are determined by assuming the fluid is incompressible.  Use fluid AMMONIA_ha for more accurate property data.

Fluid Property Information


CH4

CH4 provides ideal gas thermodynamic properties valid for methane over the temperature range from 250 K to 3500 K based on the constant pressure specific heat correlation from Van Wylen and Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, 3rd ed, John Wiley and Sons, 1986.  The reference state for specific enthalpy is based on the enthalpy of formation relative to the elements (-74,865 kJ/kmol)  at 25 C.  The reference state for specific entropy is determined by the Third Law of Thermodynamics.

Transport property correlations are implemented for temperatures between 200 K and 1000 K.

Note that CH4 provides thermodynamic properties assuming ideal gas behavior.  Use METHANE to provide real fluid properties in the subcooled, saturated mixture, and superheated regimes.

Fluid Property Information


AMMONIA_ha

AMMONIA_ha provides thermodynamic properties for ammonia using the fundamental equation of state developed by Tillner-Roth, Harms-Watzenberg, and Baehr, "Eine neue Fundamentalgleichung fur Ammoniak", DKV-Tagungsbericht 20:167-181, 1993.

The values of specific enthalpy and entropy are referred to 200 kJ/kg and 1.00 kJ/kg-K, respectively for the state of saturated liquid at 273.15 K.

Range of applicability for transport function correlations:

Gas-phase viscosity:  200 K to 1000 K

Liquid-phase viscosity: 230 K to 390 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 230 K to 900 K

Liquid-phase thermal conductivity: 244 K to 406 K

The surface tension function has been fit to data provided by Liley and Desai, "Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants", ASHRAE, 1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.  It is valid for temperatures between -75 C to 120 C.

A computationally more efficient but potentially less accurate formulation for ammonia properties is available with fluid names AMMONIA  and R717.

Fluid Property Information


C2H6

C2H6 provides ideal gas thermodynamic properties for ethane valid over the temperature range from 250 K to 1500 K based on the constant pressure specific heat correlation from Van Wylen and Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, 3rd ed, John Wiley and Sons, 1986.  The reference state for specific enthalpy is based on the enthalpy of formation relative to the elements (-84,659 kJ/kmole)  at 25 C.  The reference state for specific entropy is determined by the Third Law of Thermodynamics.

Transport property correlations are implemented for temperatures between 200 K and 1000 K.

Note that C2H6 provides thermodynamic properties assuming ideal gas behavior.  Use ETHANE to provide real fluid properties in the subcooled, saturated mixture, and superheated regimes.

Fluid Property Information


C3H8

C3H8 provides ideal gas thermodynamic properties for propane valid over the temperature range from 250 K to 1500 K based on the constant pressure specific heat correlation from Van Wylen and Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, 3rd ed, John Wiley and Sons, 1986.  The reference state for specific enthalpy is based on the enthalpy of formation relative to the elements (-103,836 kJ/kmole)  at 25 C.  The reference state for specific entropy is determined by the Third Law of Thermodynamics.

Transport property correlations are implemented for temperatures between 270 K and 600 K.

Note that C3H8 provides thermodynamic properties assuming ideal gas behavior.  Use PROPANE or R290 to provide real fluid properties in the subcooled, saturated mixture, and superheated regimes.

Fluid Property Information


C4H10

C4H10 provides ideal gas thermodynamic properties for n-butane valid over the temperature range from 250 K to 1500 K based on the constant pressure specific heat correlation from Van Wylen and Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, 3rd ed, John Wiley and Sons, 1986.  The reference state for specific enthalpy is based on the enthalpy of formation relative to the elements (-126,133 kJ/kmole)  at 25 C.  The reference state for specific entropy is determined by the Third Law of Thermodynamics.

Transport property correlations are implemented for temperatures between 270 K and 520 K.

Note that C4H10 provides thermodynamic properties assuming ideal gas behavior.  Use n-Butane or n-Butane_ha to provide real fluid properties in the subcooled, saturated mixture, and superheated regimes.

Fluid Property Information


CO2

CO2 provides ideal gas thermodynamic properties for carbon dioxide valid over the temperature range from 250 K to 3500 K based on the constant pressure specific heat correlation from Van Wylen and Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, 3rd ed, John Wiley and Sons, 1986.  The reference state for specific enthalpy is based on the enthalpy of formation relative to the elements (-393,514)  at 25 C.  The reference state for specific entropy is determined by the Third Law of Thermodynamics.

Transport property correlations are implemented for temperatures between 200 K and 100 K.

Note that CO2 provides thermodynamic properties assuming ideal gas behavior.  Use CARBONDIOXIDE OR R744 to provide real fluid properties in the subcooled, saturated mixture, and superheated regimes.

Fluid Property Information


H2

H2 provides ideal gas thermodynamic properties for hydrogen valid over the temperature range from 250 K to 3500 K based on the constant pressure specific heat correlation from Van Wylen and Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, 3rd ed, John Wiley and Sons, 1986.  The reference state for specific enthalpy is based on the enthalpy of formation relative to the elements (0 kJ/kmole)  at 25 C.  The reference state for specific entropy is determined by the Third Law of Thermodynamics.

Transport property correlations are implemented for temperatures between 250 K and 1050 K.

Fluid Property Information


H2O

H2O provides ideal gas thermodynamic properties for gaseous water valid over the temperature range from 250 K to 3500 K based on the constant pressure specific heat correlation from Van Wylen and Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, 3rd ed, John Wiley and Sons, 1986.  The reference state for specific enthalpy is based on the enthalpy of formation relative to the elements (-241,815 kJ/kmole)  at 25 C.  The reference state for specific entropy is determined by the Third Law of Thermodynamics.

Transport property correlations are implemented for temperatures between 245 K and 3500 K.

Note that H2O provides thermodynamic properties assuming ideal gas behavior.  Use STEAM or WATER  to provide real fluid properties in the subcooled, saturated mixture, and superheated regimes.  High accuracy steam properties are available with substance STEAM_IAPWS.

Fluid Property Information


N2

N2 provides ideal gas thermodynamic properties for nitrogen gas valid over the temperature range from 250 K to 3500 K based on the constant pressure specific heat correlation from Van Wylen and Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, 3rd ed, John Wiley and Sons, 1986.  The reference state for specific enthalpy is based on the enthalpy of formation relative to the elements (0 kJ/kmole)  at 25 C.  The reference state for specific entropy is determined by the Third Law of Thermodynamics.

Transport property correlations are implemented for temperatures between 250 K and 1050 K.

Note that N2 provides thermodynamic properties assuming ideal gas behavior.  Use NITROGEN  to provide real fluid properties in the subcooled, saturated mixture, and superheated regimes.

Fluid Property Information


NO2

NO2 provides ideal gas thermodynamic properties for nitrogen dioxide gas valid over the temperature range from 250 K to 3500 K based on the constant pressure specific heat correlation from Van Wylen and Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, 3rd ed, John Wiley and Sons, 1986.  The reference state for specific enthalpy is based on the enthalpy of formation relative to the elements (33,729 kJ/kmole)  at 25 C.  The reference state for specific entropy is determined by the Third Law of Thermodynamics.

Transport property correlations are not implemented.

Fluid Property Information


O2

O2 provides ideal gas thermodynamic properties for oxygen gas valid over the temperature range from 250 K to 3500 K based on the constant pressure specific heat correlation from Van Wylen and Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, 3rd ed, John Wiley and Sons, 1986.  The reference state for specific enthalpy is based on the enthalpy of formation relative to the elements (0 kJ/kmole)  at 25 C.  The reference state for specific entropy is determined by the Third Law of Thermodynamics.

Transport property correlations are implemented for temperatures between 250 K and 1050 K.

Note that O2 provides thermodynamic properties assuming ideal gas behavior.  Use OXYGEN to provide real fluid properties in the subcooled, saturated mixture, and superheated regimes.

Fluid Property Information


R11

The thermodynamic properties of refrigerant R11 are provided by Martin-Hou equation of state (A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 1:142, 1955).  Fitted parameters are from Downing and Knight, DuPont Technical Bulletin RT-52, 1971.

The values of specific enthalpy and entropy are referred to 0 for saturated liquid at -40 C (F).

Range of applicability for transport function correlations:

Gas-phase viscosity:  200 K to 380 K

Liquid-phase viscosity: 230 K to 500 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 270 K to 420 K

Liquid-phase thermal conductivity: 235 K to 450 K

Fluid Property Information


R12

The thermodynamic properties of refrigerant R12 are provided by Martin-Hou equation of state (A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 1:142, 1955).  Fitted parameters are from Downing and Knight, DuPont Technical Bulletin RT-52, 1971.

The values of specific enthalpy and entropy are referred to 0 for saturated liquid at -40 C (F).

Range of applicability for transport function correlations:

Gas-phase viscosity:  250 K to 480 K

Liquid-phase viscosity: 170 K to 340 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 240 K to 480 K

Liquid-phase thermal conductivity: 144 K to 344 K

Surface tension data are from Liley and Desai, "Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants", ASHRAE, 1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.  The range of valid for the surface tension data is -100 C < T < 110 C.

Fluid Property Information


R13

The thermodynamic properties of refrigerant R13 are provided by Martin-Hou equation of state (A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 1:142, 1955).  Fitted parameters are from Downing and Knight, DuPont Technical Bulletin RT-52, 1971.

The values of specific enthalpy and entropy are referred to 0 for saturated liquid at -40 C (F).

Range of applicability for transport function correlations:

Gas-phase viscosity:  220 K to 425 K

Liquid-phase viscosity: 200 K to 300 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 220 K to 535 K

Liquid-phase thermal conductivity: 94 K to 270 K

Fluid Property Information


R14

The thermodynamic properties of refrigerant R14 are provided by Martin-Hou equation of state (A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 1:142, 1955).  Fitted parameters are from Downing and Knight, DuPont Technical Bulletin RT-52, 1971.

The reference state is determined by setting specific enthalpy to 142.5 kJ/kg and specific entropy to 1.784 kJ/kg-K for saturated liquid at -100 C.

Range of applicability for transport function correlations:

Gas-phase viscosity:  220 K to 425 K

Liquid-phase viscosity: 200 K to 300 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 220 K to 535 K

Liquid-phase thermal conductivity: 94 K to 270 K

Fluid Property Information


R123

The thermodynamic properties of refrigerant R123 are provided by Martin-Hou equation of state (A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 1:142, 1955) based on themodynamic information from McLinden et al., Measurement and Formulation of the Thermodynamic Properties of R134a and 123, ASHRAE Trans., Vol. 95, No.2, 1989.

The values of specific enthalpy and entropy are referred to 0 for saturated liquid at -40 C (F).

Range of applicability for transport function correlations:

Gas-phase viscosity:  220 K to 620 K

Liquid-phase viscosity: 220 K to 450 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 220 K to 620 K

Liquid-phase thermal conductivity: 220 K to 450 K

Fluid Property Information


R134a

The thermodynamic properties of refrigerant R134a are provided by Martin-Hou equation of state (A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 1:142, 1955) based on themodynamic information from McLinden et al., Measurement and Formulation of the Thermodynamic Properties of R134a and 123, ASHRAE Trans., Vol. 95, No.2, 1989.

The values of specific enthalpy and entropy are referred to 0 for saturated liquid at -40 C (F).

Fluid R134a_ha will provide properties using the international standard formulation and more accurate results at high densities.

Range of applicability for transport function correlations:

Gas-phase viscosity:  230 K to 475 K

Liquid-phase viscosity: 230 K to 375 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 230 K to 475 K

Liquid-phase thermal conductivity: 230 K to 375 K

The Martin-Hou equation of state is valid for states in which the density is less than 1.5 times the critical density.  Properties in the vicinity of the critical point and at high pressures may be inaccurate.  Properties in the subcooled region are determined by assuming the fluid is incompressible.  Use fluid R134a_ha for more accurate property data.

Surface tension data were fit to data obtained from the NIST REFPROP 6 program (M.O. McLinden, S.A. Klein, E.W. Lemmon and A.P. Peskin, Physical and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303, 1995.  The range of applicability of the data are from 170 K to the 374 K.

Fluid Property Information


R134a_ha

R134A_ha provides thermodynamic properties for R134a using the fundamental equation of state developed by R. Tillner-Roth and H.D. Baehr, An International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for Temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and Pressures up to 70 MPa, J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994.

The values of specific enthalpy and entropy are referred to 200 kJ/kg and 1.00 kJ/kg-K, respectively for the state of saturated liquid at 273.15 K.

Transport Properties:

Liquid phase viscosity and conductivity data are from the generalized correlation described by M.J. Assael, N.K. Dalaouti, A.A. Griva, and J.H. Dymond, "Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Halogenated Methane and Ethane Refrigerants", IJR, Vol. 22, pp. 525-535, 1999.  These property correlations are applicable over the same range as the equation of state.

Gas-phase viscosity:  230 K to 475 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 230 K to 475 K

Surface tension data were fit to data obtained from the NIST REFPROP 6 program (M.O. McLinden, S.A. Klein, E.W. Lemmon and A.P. Peskin, Physical and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303, 1995.  The range of applicability of the data are from 170 K to the 374 K.

A computationally more efficient but potentially less accurate formulation for R134a properties is available with fluid name R134a.

Fluid Property Information


R152a

Thermodynamic Properties

R152a uses the fundamental equation of state developed from the following reference:

"Equation of State from 1-1-DiFluouroethane, R152a", Y. Kim, C. Borgnakke, and R. Sonntag, Intl. Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 21, 575-589, 1997.  This equation is valid for temperatures between 213 K and 433 K at pressures up to 20 MPa.

The values of specific enthalpy and entropy are referred to 200 kJ/kg and 1.00 kJ/kg-K, respectively for the state of saturated liquid at 273.15 K.

Transport properties:

Liquid phase viscosity and conductivity data are from the generalized correlation described by M.J. Assael, N.K. Dalaouti, A.A. Griva, and J.H. Dymond, "Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Halogenated Methane and Ethane Refrigerants", IJR, Vol. 22, pp. 525-535, 1999.  These property correlations are applicable over the same range as the equation of state.

Transport properties for the gas phase were fit to data from the REFPROP 6 data base (M.O. McLinden, S.A. Klein, E.W. Lemmon and A.P. Peskin, Physical and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303, 1995.)

Gas-phase viscosity:  180 K to 433

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 180 K to 433 K

Surface tension data were fit to data obtained from the NIST REFPROP 6 program (M.O. McLinden, S.A. Klein, E.W. Lemmon and A.P. Peskin, Physical and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303, 1995.)  The range of applicability of the surface tension data is the same as for the thermodynamic properties.

Fluid Property Information


R114

The thermodynamic properties of refrigerant R114 are provided by Martin-Hou equation of state (A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 1:142, 1955).  Fitted parameters are from Downing and Knight, DuPont Technical Bulletin RT-52, 1971.

The reference state is determined by setting specific enthalpy and entropy of saturated liquid to 0.

Range of applicability for transport function correlations:

Gas-phase viscosity:  230 K to 500 K

Liquid-phase viscosity: 170 K to 410 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 280 K to 675 K

Liquid-phase thermal conductivity: 180 K to 360 K

Fluid Property Information


R22

The thermodynamic properties of refrigerant R22 are provided by Martin-Hou equation of state (A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 1:142, 1955).  Fitted parameters are from Downing and Knight, DuPont Technical Bulletin RT-52, 1971.

The values of specific enthalpy and entropy are referred to 0 for saturated liquid at -40 C (F).

Range of applicability for transport function correlations:

Gas-phase viscosity:  250 K to 440 K

Liquid-phase viscosity: 170 K to 360 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 230 K to 645 K

Liquid-phase thermal conductivity: 144 K to 340 K

The surface tension function has been fit to data provided by Liley and Desai, "Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants", ASHRAE, 1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.  It is valid for temperatures between -150 C to 90 C.

Fluid Property Information


R23

Thermodynamic properties for R23 are determined from the fundamental equation of state developed by:

S.G. Penoncello, Z. Shan, and R.T. Jacobsen,

"A Fundamental Equation for the Calculation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Trifluoromethane",

ASHRAE Transactions Paper DA-00-10-1 (RP997), Vol. 106, Pt. 1,  2000

The correlation is valid for temperatures between the triple point (118.02 K) and 475 K for pressures up to 120 MPa.

The values of specific enthalpy and entropy are referred to 200 kJ/kg and 1.00 kJ/kg-K, respectively for the state of saturated liquid at 273.15 K.

Transport Properties:

Liquid phase viscosity and conductivity data are from the generalized correlation described by M.J. Assael, N.K. Dalaouti, A.A. Griva, and J.H. Dymond, "Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Halogenated Methane and Ethane Refrigerants", IJR, Vol. 22, pp. 525-535, 1999.  These property correlations are applicable over the same range as the equation of state.

Gas-phase viscosity:  140 K to 475 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 140 K to 475 K

Gas phase viscosity and thermal conductivity and surface tension data were fit to data obtained from the NIST REFPROP 6 program (M.O. McLinden, S.A. Klein, E.W. Lemmon and A.P. Peskin, Physical and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303, 1995.

Fluid Property Information


R500

The thermodynamic properties of the azeotropic refrigerant mixture R500 (73.8% R12, 26.2% R152a by mass) are provided by Martin-Hou equation of state (A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 1:142, 1955).  Fitted parameters are from Downing and Knight, DuPont Technical Bulletin RT-52, 1971.

The reference state is determined by setting specific enthalpy and entropy of saturated liquid to 0.

Range of applicability for transport function correlations:

Gas-phase viscosity:  240 K to 390 K

Liquid-phase viscosity: 200 K to 370 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity data are not implemented

Liquid-phase thermal conductivity" 290 K to 335 K

Fluid Property Information


CO

CO provides ideal gas thermodynamic properties for carbon monoxide valid over the temperature range from 250 K to 3500 K based on the constant pressure specific heat correlation from Van Wylen and Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, 3rd ed, John Wiley and Sons, 1986.  The reference state for specific enthalpy is based on the enthalpy of formation relative to the elements (-110,526 kJ/kmole)  at 25 C.  The reference state for specific entropy is determined by the Third Law of Thermodynamics.

Transport property correlations are implemented for temperatures between 250 K and 1050 K.

Fluid Property Information


R502

The thermodynamic properties of the azeotropic refrigerant mixture R502 (48.8% R22, 51.2% R115 by mass) are provided by Martin-Hou equation of state (A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 1:142, 1955).  Fitted parameters are from Downing and Knight, DuPont Technical Bulletin RT-52, 1971.

The reference state is determined by setting specific enthalpy and entropy of saturated liquid to 0.

Range of applicability for transport function correlations:

Gas-phase viscosity:  220 K to 390 K

Liquid-phase viscosity: 200 K to 350 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 225 K to 380 K

Liquid-phase thermal conductivity: 280 K to 320 K

Fluid Property Information


SO2

SO2 provides ideal gas thermodynamic properties for nitrogen dioxide gas valid over the temperature range from 250 K to 1500 K based on the constant pressure specific heat correlation from Howell and Buckius, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, McGraw-Hill, 1987.  The reference state for specific enthalpy is based on the enthalpy of formation relative to the elements (-297,094 kJ/kmole)  at 25 C.  The reference state for specific entropy is determined by the Third Law of Thermodynamics.

Transport property correlations are implemented for temperatures between 290 K and 900 K.

Fluid Property Information


WATER

Thermodynamic properties of water substance have been implemented using empirical curve fits to steam table data. The formulation assumes that liquid is incompressible.  The correlations are reasonably accurate up to a pressure of 200 bar.  Properties close to the critical point should be checked for accuracy.

Use STEAM_IAPWS (Professional version) or STEAM for higher accuracy property information.

EES will return the properties of ice at temperatures below 0 C based on ice property information from Hyland and Wexler, Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Phases of H2O from 173.15 K to 473.15 K, ASHRAE Trans., Part 2A, Paper 2793, 1983.

Enthalpy and entropy values are referred to 0 for saturated liquid at 0 C.

The transport property correlations are from Electrical Research Association, 1967 Steam Tables, Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam; Viscosity of Water and Steam, Thermal Conductivity of Water and Steam, Edward Arnold Publishers, London, 1967.  The transport functions are valid for temperatures between 250 K and 815 K at pressures up to 830 bar.

Fluid Property Information


NO

NO provides ideal gas thermodynamic properties for nitrogen dioxide gas valid over the temperature range from 250 K to 3500 K based on the constant pressure specific heat correlation from Van Wylen and Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, 3rd ed, John Wiley and Sons, 1986.  The reference state for specific enthalpy is based on the enthalpy of formation relative to the elements (12,542 kJ/kmole)  at 25 C.  The reference state for specific entropy is determined by the Third Law of Thermodynamics.

Transport property correlations are not implemented.

Fluid Property Information


NITROGEN

NITROGEN provides thermodynamic properties using the fundamental equation of state reported by R.T. Jacobsen, R.B. Stewart, and M. Jahangiri, "Thermodynamic Properties of Nitrogen from the Freezing Line to 2000 K at Pressures to 1000 MPa", J. Phys, Chem, Ref. Data, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1986.

The reference state for specific enthalpy and entropy is 0 at 298.15 K and 101.325 kPa.

Note that NITROGEN provides thermodynamic properties assuming real fluid behavior.  Use N2 for ideal gas properties of nitrogen consistent with reference states used in combustion calculations.

Transport data for low pressure gas states are based on the information provided in "Thermodynamic Properties of Refrigerants", P.E. Liley and P.D. Desai, ASHRAE, ISBN 1-883413-10-9, 1993.

The surface tension function has been fit to data tabulated by Liley and Desai, "Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants", ASHRAE, 1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.  It is valid for temperatures between 64 K and 125 K.

Range of applicability for transport function correlations:

Gas-phase viscosity:  75 K to 1000 K with pressures up to 25 MPa

Liquid-phase viscosity: 65 K to 125 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity:75 K to 600 K

Liquid-phase thermal conductivity: 65 K to 125 K

Fluid Property Information


CARBONDIOXIDE or R744

CARBONDIOXIDE and R744 both provide high accuracy thermodynamic properties for carbon dioxide using the fundamental equation of state developed by R. Span and W. Wagner, A New Equation of State for Carbon Dioxide Covering the Fluid Region form the Triple-Point Temperature to 1100 K at Pressures up to 800 MPa, J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, Vol. 25, No. 6, 1996.

The values of specific enthalpy and entropy are referred to values of 0 at 298.15 K and 101.325 kPa.

Viscosity and thermal conductivity are determined in the manner described by Vesovic et al., The Transport Properties of Carbon Dioxide, J. Phys. Chem Ref, Data, Vol. 19, No. 3, 1990.  The viscosity correlation is valid for temperatures between 200K and 1500 K.  The thermal conductivity correlation is valid for temperatures between 200 K and 1000 K.  Both the viscosity and thermal conductivity correlations can be applied for pressures up to 100 MPa.

The surface tension function has been fit to data provided by Liley and Desai, "Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants", ASHRAE, 1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.  It is valid for temperatures between -40 C and 30 C.

Note that CARBONDIOXIDE and R744 provide thermodynamic properties assuming real fluid behavior.  Use CO2 for ideal gas properties of carbon dioxide consistent with reference states used in combustion calculations.

Fluid Property Information


CARBONDIOXIDE_ha

CARBONDIOXIDE_ha provides exactly the same capability as CARBONDIOXIDE and R744.  Originally CARBONDIOXIDE and CARBONDIOXIDE_ha used different property correlations, but now both name utilize the high accuracy property formulation.  Although it is redundant, the fluid name CARBONDIOXIDE_ha has been retained for reasons of backward compatibility.

Fluid Property Information


OXYGEN

OXYGEN provides thermodynamic properties using the Fundamental equation of state developed by R.B. Stewart, R.T. Jacobsen, and W. Wagner, "Thermodynamic Properties of Oxygen from the Triple Point to 300 K with Pressures to 80 MPa", J. Phys, Chem, Ref. Data, Vol. 20, No. 5, 1991.

Note that OXYGEN provides thermodynamic properties assuming real fluid behavior.  The reference state for ideal gas specific enthalpy and entropy is 8682 kJ/kmole and 205.037 kJ/kmole-K respectively at 298.15 K and 101.1325 kPa.   Use O2 for ideal gas properties of oxygen consistent with reference states used in combustion calculations.

Range of applicability for transport function correlations:

Gas-phase viscosity:  80 K to 700 K

Liquid-phase viscosity: 80 K to 155 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 80 K to 700 K

Liquid-phase thermal conductivity: 80 K to 155 K

Surface tension data are from Liley and Desai, "Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants", ASHRAE, 1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.  The range of valid for the surface tension data is 80 K < T < 150 K.

Fluid Property Information


PROPANE or R290

PROPANE provides thermodynamic properties of C3H8 using the Martin-Hou equation of state (A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 1:142, 1955).

The Martin-Hou equation of state is valid for states in which the density is less than 1.5 times the critical density.  Properties in the vicinity of the critical point and at high pressures may be inaccurate.  Properties in the subcooled region are determined by assuming the fluid is incompressible.  Use fluid PROPANE_ha for more accurate property data.

Note that PROPANE provides thermodynamic properties assuming real fluid behavior.  The reference state for specific enthalpy and entropy is 0 for saturated liquid at 233.16 K.  Use C3H8 for ideal gas properties of propane consistent with reference states used in combustion calculations.

Range of applicability for transport function correlations:

Gas-phase viscosity:  240 K to 530 K

Liquid-phase viscosity: 210 K to 370 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 240 K to 530 K

Liquid-phase thermal conductivity: 210 K to 370 K

Surface tension data were fit to data obtained from the NIST REFPROP 6 program (M.O. McLinden, S.A. Klein, E.W. Lemmon and A.P. Peskin, Physical and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303, 1995.  The range of applicability of the data are from 86 K to the 369.8 K.

Fluid Property Information


PROPANE_ha

PROPANE_ha provides high accuracy thermodynamic and transport properties for propane (C3H8, Molar mass = 44.098 g/mole) using the Fundamental Equation of State developed by Reiner Tillner-Roth, "Fundamental Equations of State", Shaker, Verlag, Aachan, 1998.

Reference State  (IIR standard)

   Saturated liquid at 273.15 K;   	h=200.0 kJ/kg 	s=1.0 kJ/kg-K

Ancillary equations for vapor pressure and density of saturated liquid and vapor as well as the correlations for transport properties are from B.A. Younglove and J.F. Ely, "Thermophysical Properties of Fluids. II Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane and Normal Butane", J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data Vol. 16, No. 4, 1987.

Note that the following typographical errors in this paper.

Eqn. 20: exponent shoud be (4-n)/3 not (n+2)/3

Table 2:  C[8] should be +0.209661014;

Eqn 26:  the term beginning with F2 should be preceded with a plus sign

Eqn 29:  exponent should be 4-n

Eqn 30:  exponent should be 7-n

Range of applicability for equation of state and transport functions:

  	113.55 K < T <  600 K

0 < P < 35 MPa

Surface tension data were fit to data obtained from the NIST REFPROP 6 program (M.O. McLinden, S.A. Klein, E.W. Lemmon and A.P. Peskin, Physical and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303, 1995.  The range of applicability of the data are from 86 K to the 369.8 K.

Fluid Property Information


PROPYLENE

PROPYLENE provides high accuracy thermodynamic and transport properties for propylene (C3H6, R1270, Molar mass = 42.080 g/mole) using the Fundamental Equation of State presented by Reiner Tillner-Roth, "Fundamental Equations of State", Shaker, Verlag, Aachan, 1998.  This equation of state is valid for temperatures between 100 K < T < 600 K and for pressures up to 200 MPa.  The source of the data for this formulation is:

Angus, S., Armstrong, B. and de Reuck, K.M., International Thermodynamic Tables of the Fluid State-7 Propylene, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1980.

Ancillary equations for vapor pressure and saturated liquid and vapor density are provided by Professor Steve Penoncello, College of Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-1011

Reference State

   T=298.15 K,  P=101.325 kPa:   	h=0 kJ/kg 	s=0 kJ/kg-K  in ideal gas state

Transport and surface tension data were fit from the tabular data provided by: P.E. Liley and P.D. Desai, "Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants", ASHRAE, 1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.  The valid temperature ranges for these transport data are as follows:

gas phase viscosity: 225 K < T < 575 K

liquid phase viscosity:  100 K < T < 325 K

gas phase thermal conductivity:  200 K < T < 600 K

liquid phase thermal conductivity: 100 K < T < 360 K

Fluid Property Information


HELIUM

Helium provides thermodynamic properties for normal fluid (not superfluid) Helium using the fundamental equation of state given by Reiner Tillner-Roth,  Fundamental Equations of State, Shaker, Verlag, Aachan, 1998.  Ancillary equations are provided by R.D. McCarty and V.D. Arp, "A New Wide Range Equation of State for Helium", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, Vol. 35, pp. 1465-1475, 1990.  The range of applicability of the thermodynamic properties is from the triple point temperature 2.1768 K to 1500 K at pressures up to 100 MPa.

Note that there is a missing plus sign before the first summation in equation (2) of the McCarty and Arp paper and the X in table 2 should be defined as (T-TC)/(T1-TC).

The values of specific enthalpy and entropy are referred to values of 0 at 298.15 K and 101.325 kPa.

Fluid Property Information

Range of applicability for transport function correlations at pressures up to 100 MPa

Gas-phase viscosity:  3 K to 600 K

Liquid-phase viscosity: 3 K to 5 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 3 K to 600 K

Liquid-phase thermal conductivity: 3 K to 5 K

Surface tension data are from Liley and Desai, "Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants", ASHRAE, 1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.  The range of valid for the surface tension data is 2.2 K < T < 5.1 K.

Fluid Property Information


HYDROGEN

HYDROGEN provides high accuracy thermodynamic properties for normal hydrogen (Molar mass =2.01594 kg/kmole) using the Fundamental Equation of State, as described by:

R.T. Jacobsen, S.G. Penoncello and E.W. Lemmon

Thermodynamic Properties of Cryogenic Fluids

Plenum Press, ISBN 0-306-45522-6, 1997

The equation of state is based upon the formulation and ancillary equations from the CATS formulations provided by Steve Penoncello, University of Idaho based on original data from:  McCarty, R.D.,  Hydrogen, Technological Survey - Thermophysical Properties,  NASA SP-3089, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1975.

Reference State

    h = 4200 kJ/kg, s = 70.42 kJ/kg-K at 298.15 K, 101.325 kPa.

Range of applicability for equation of state:

  	13.95 < T <  500 K

0 < P < 40 MPa

Note that HYDROGEN provides thermodynamic properties assuming real fluid behavior.  The reference state for this formulation is NOT consistent with the enthalpy of formation reference for which specific enthalpy would be 0 at 25C.  Use H2 for ideal gas properties of hydrogen consistent with reference states used in combustion calculations.

Transport and surface tension data were fit from the tabular data provided by: P.E. Liley and P.D. Desai, "Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants", ASHRAE, 1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.  The valid temperature ranges for these transport data are as follows:

gas phase viscosity: 18 K < T < 500 K

liquid phase viscosity:  14 K < T < 32 K

gas phase thermal conductivity:  14 K < T < 500 K

liquid phase thermal conductivity: 14 K < T < 32 K

Surface tension data are provided through a correlation developed by:

G.R. Somayajulu

"A Generalized Equation for Surface Tension from the Triple Point to the Critical Point"

International Journal of Thermophysics, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1988

Fluid Property Information


METHANE

METHANE provides thermodynamic properties using the fundamental equation of state developed by U. Setzmann and W. Wagner, "A New Equation of State and Tables of Thermodynamic Properties for Methane Covering the Range from the Melting Line to 625 K at Pressures up to 1000 MPa", J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 20, No. 6, 1991.

The values of specific enthalpy and entropy are referred to -0.9889 kJ/kg and -0.002289 kJ/kg-K, respectively at 298.15 K and 101.3 kPa.

Transport properties are from B.A. Younglove and J.F. Ely, "Thermophysical Properties of Fluids. II Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane and Normal Butane", J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data Vol. 16, No. 4, 1987.

Surface tension data are from P.E. Liley and P.D. Desai, "Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants", ASHRAE, 1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.  The range of valid for the surface tension data is -183 C < T < -85 C.

Range of applicability for equation of state and transport functions:

  	90.7 K < T <  625 K

0 < P < 1000 MPa

Note that METHANE provides thermodynamic properties assuming real fluid behavior.   Use CH4 for ideal gas properties of methane consistent with reference states used in combustion calculations.

Fluid Property Information


ETHANE

ETHANE provides thermodynamic properties using the fundamental equation of state developed by D.G. Friend, J.F. Ely, and H. Ingham, Tables for the Thermophysical Properties of Ethane, NIST Technical Note 1346, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Thermophysics Division, Boulder, CO 8033303-3328, January, 1993

The values of specific enthalpy and entropy are referred to 392.6 kJ/kg and 7.614 kJ/kg-K, respectively at 298.15 K and 101.3 kPa.

Correlations for transport properties are from B.A. Younglove and J.F. Ely, "Thermophysical Properties of Fluids. II Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane and Normal Butane", J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data Vol. 16, No. 4, 1987.

Note that the following typographical errors in this paper.

Eqn. 20: exponent shoud be (4-n)/3 not (n+2)/3

Table 2:  C[8] should be +0.209661014;

Eqn 26:  the term beginning with F2 should be preceded with a plus sign

Eqn 29:  exponent should be 4-n

Eqn 30:  exponent should be 7-n

Range of applicability for equation of state and transport functions:

  	90.35 K < T <  623 K

0 < P < 69 MPa

Surface tension data are from Liley and Desai, "Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants", ASHRAE, 1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.  The range of valid for the surface tension data is -183 C < T < 30 C.

Note that ETHANE  provides thermodynamic properties assuming real fluid behavior.  Use C2H6 for ideal gas properties of carbon dioxide consistent with reference states used in combustion calculations.

Fluid Property Information


ETHYLENE

ETHYLENE provides high accuracy thermodynamic and transport properties for ethylene (C2H4, R1150, Molar mass = 28.054 g/mole) using the Fundamental Equation of State developed by Reiner Tillner-Roth, "Fundamental Equations of State", Shaker, Verlag, Aachan, 1998.  This equation of state is valid for temperatures between 104 K < T < 450 K for pressures up to 260 MPa.

Reference State

   T=298.15 K,  P=101.325 kPa:   	h=0 kJ/kg 	s=0 kJ/kg-K

Ancillary equations for vapor pressure and density of saturated liquid and vapor are from: M Jahangiri, R.T. Jacobsen, R.B. Stewart, and R.D. McCarty, "Thermodynamic Properties of Ethylene from the Freezing Line to 450 K at Pressures to 260 MPa", J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1986

Transport and surface tension data were fit from the tabular data provided by: P.E. Liley and P.D. Desai, "Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants", ASHRAE, 1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.

Fluid Property Information


ISOBUTANE

ISOBUTANE provides high accuracy thermodynamic and transport properties for isobutane (R600a, Molar mass =58.125 g/mole) using the Fundamental Equation of State developed by Reiner Tillner-Roth, "Fundamental Equations of State", Shaker, Verlag, Aachan, 1998.

Reference State  (IIR standard)

   Saturated liquid at 273.15 K;   	h=200.0 kJ/kg 	s=1.0 kJ/kg-K

Ancillary equations for vapor pressure and density of saturated liquid and vapor as well as the correlations for transport properties are from B.A. Younglove and J.F. Ely, "Thermophysical Properties of Fluids. II Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane and Normal Butane", J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data Vol. 16, No. 4, 1987.

Note that the following typographical errors in this paper.

Eqn. 20: exponent shoud be (4-n)/3 not (n+2)/3

Table 2:  C[8] should be +0.209661014;

Eqn 26:  the term beginning with F2 should be preceded with a plus sign

Eqn 29:  exponent should be 4-n

Eqn 30:  exponent should be 7-n

Range of applicability for equation of state and transport functions:

  	85.45 K < T <  600 K

0 < P < 100 MPa

Surface tension data were fit to data obtained from the NIST REFPROP 6 program (M.O. McLinden, S.A. Klein, E.W. Lemmon and A.P. Peskin, Physical and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303, 1995.  The range of applicability of the data are from 114 K to the 407.8 K.

A computationally more efficient but potentially less accurate formulation for isobutane thermodynamic and transport properties may be available if file R600a.mhe is in the USERLIB folder.

Fluid Property Information


ISOPENTANE

ISOPENTANE provides high accuracy thermodynamic properties for isopentane (Molar mass =72.115 g/mole) using the Fundamental Equation of State, as described by Reiner Tillner-Roth, "Fundamental Equations of State", Shaker, Verlag, Aachan, 1998.  The correlation is based on data from:

Polt, A., Platzer, B., and Maurer, G.

"Parameter der thermischen Zustandsgleichung von Bender fuer 14 mehratomige reine Stoffe,"

Chem. Tech. (Leipzig), Volume 44, Number 6, pp. 216-224, 1992.

The parameters for the fundamental equation of state were provided by Professor Steve Penoncello, College of Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-1011

Reference State

    h = 0 kJ/kg, s = 0 kJ/kg-K at 298.15 K, 1 kPa.

Range of applicability for equation of state:

  	273 K < T <  553 K

0 < P < 7.5 MPa

Transport properties and surface tension data are not available for this substance.

Fluid Property Information


R600a

The thermodynamic properties of refrigerant isobutane are provided by Martin-Hou equation of state (A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 1:142, 1955) based on themodynamic information from McLinden et al., Measurement and Formulation of the Thermodynamic Properties of R134a and 123, ASHRAE Trans., Vol. 95, No.2, 1989.

R600a is NOT built into EES.  If it appear in your version, the property data were read in from file R600a.MHE in the USERLIB folder.  A much more accurate formulation for both thermodynamic and transport properties is available with fluid ISOBUTANE.  Use ISOBUTANE unless compuational speed is an issue.

Fluid Property Information


N-BUTANE or R600

N-BUTANE and R600 both provide thermodynamic properties for normal butane using the Martin-Hou equation of state (A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 1:142, 1955).

The values of specific enthalpy and entropy are referred to 0 for saturated liquid at -40 C (F).

The Martin-Hou equation of state is valid for states in which the density is less than 1.5 times the critical density.  Properties in the vicinity of the critical point and at high pressures may be inaccurate.  Properties in the subcooled region are determined by assuming the fluid is incompressible.  Use fluid N-BUTANE_ha for more accurate property data.

Note that n_BUTANE, n-Butane_ha, and R600 provide thermodynamic properties assuming real fluid behavior.   Use C4H10 for ideal gas properties of methane consistent with reference states used in combustion calculations.

Range of applicability for transport function correlations:

Gas-phase viscosity:  180 K to 760 K

Liquid-phase viscosity: 120 K to 425 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 180 K to 760 K

Liquid-phase thermal conductivity: 120 K to 425 K

Surface tension data were fit to data obtained from the NIST REFPROP 6 program (M.O. McLinden, S.A. Klein, E.W. Lemmon and A.P. Peskin, Physical and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303, 1995.  The range of applicability of the data are from 135 K to the 425 K.

Fluid Property Information


N-BUTANE_ha

N-BUTANE_ha provides high accuracy thermodynamic and transport properties for normal butane (R600, Molar mass =58.125 g/mole) using the Fundamental Equation of State developed by Reiner Tillner-Roth, "Fundamental Equations of State", Shaker, Verlag, Aachan, 1998.

Reference State  (IIR standard)

   Saturated liquid at 273.15 K;   	h=200.0 kJ/kg 	s=1.0 kJ/kg-K

Ancillary equations for vapor pressure and density of saturated liquid and vapor as well as the correlations for transport properties are from B.A. Younglove and J.F. Ely, "Thermophysical Properties of Fluids. II Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane and Normal Butane", J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data Vol. 16, No. 4, 1987.

Note that the following typographical errors in this paper.

Eqn. 20: exponent shoud be (4-n)/3 not (n+2)/3

Table 2:  C[8] should be +0.209661014;

Eqn 26:  the term beginning with F2 should be preceded with a plus sign

Eqn 29:  exponent should be 4-n

Eqn 30:  exponent should be 7-n

Range of applicability for thermodynamic and transport properties

  	134.86 K < T <  500 K

0 < P < 70 MPa

Surface tension data were fit to data obtained from the NIST REFPROP 6 program (M.O. McLinden, S.A. Klein, E.W. Lemmon and A.P. Peskin, Physical and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303, 1995.  The range of applicability of the data are from 135 K to the 425 K.

A computationally more efficient but potentially less accurate formulation for propane thermodynamic and transport properties is available with fluid name n-BUTANE or R600.

Note that N-BUTANE_ha, N-BUTANE, and R600 all provide thermodynamic properties assuming real fluid behavior.   Use C4H10 for ideal gas properties of normal butane consistent with reference states used in combustion calculations.

Fluid Property Information


STEAM and STEAM_NBS

Thermodynamic properties of water substance have been implemented using the thermodynamic property correlation of Harr, Gallagher, and Kell, NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1984. The correlations are valid up to a pressure of 815 bar.  This formulation is now outdated.  A more recent formulation for the properties of water substance that extends to pressures of 1000 MPa is available in substance STEAM_IAPWS.

Note that substance STEAM provides exactly the same properties as STEAM_NBS.  Earlier versions of EES used the less accurate correlations that are now used only for substance WATER.  The correlations in WATER have been retained because they require less computational effort.

EES will return the properties of ice at temperatures below 0 C based on ice property information from Hyland and Wexler, Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Phases of H2O from 173.15 K to 473.15 K, ASHRAE Trans., Part 2A, Paper 2793, 1983.

Enthalpy and entropy values are referred to 0 for saturated liquid at 0 C.

The transport property correlations are from Electrical Research Association, 1967 Steam Tables, Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam; Viscosity of Water and Steam, Thermal Conductivity of Water and Steam, Edward Arnold Publishers, London, 1967.  The transport functions are valid for temperatures between 250 K and 815 K at pressures up to 830 bar.

Fluid Property Information


R32

The thermodynamic properties of refrigerant R32 are provided using the fundamental equation state described by R. Tillner-Roth and A. Yokozeki, "An International Standard Formulation for Difluoromethane (R-32) for Temperatures from the Triple Point at 136.34 K to 435 K and Pressures up to 70 MPa", J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 26, No. 6, 1997.

The values of specific enthalpy and entropy are referred to 200 kJ/kg and 1.00 kJ/kg-K, respectively for the state of saturated liquid at 273.15 K.

Transport Properties:

Liquid phase viscosity and conductivity data are from the generalized correlation described by M.J. Assael, N.K. Dalaouti, A.A. Griva, and J.H. Dymond, "Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Halogenated Methane and Ethane Refrigerants", IJR, Vol. 22, pp. 525-535, 1999.  These property correlations are applicable over the same range as the equation of state.

Gas-phase viscosity:  190 K to 350 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 190 K to 350 K

Surface tension data were fit to data obtained from the NIST REFPROP 6 program (M.O. McLinden, S.A. Klein, E.W. Lemmon and A.P. Peskin, Physical and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303, 1995.  The range of applicability of the data are from 136.3 K to the 351.2 K.

Fluid Property Information


R22_ha

Fluid R22_ha implements the thermodynamic properties of refrigerant R22 using the fundamental equation state described by Wagner, W., Marx, V., Prob, A., "A New Equation of State for Chlorodifluoromethane covering the entire fluid region from 116 K to 550 K at pressures up to 200 MPa, Int. J. Refrig, 16:373, 1993.

The values of specific enthalpy and entropy are referred to 200 kJ/kg and 1.00 kJ/kg-K, respectively for the state of saturated liquid at 273.15 K.

Transport Properties:

Liquid phase viscosity and conductivity data are from the generalized correlation described by M.J. Assael, N.K. Dalaouti, A.A. Griva, and J.H. Dymond, "Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Halogenated Methane and Ethane Refrigerants", IJR, Vol. 22, pp. 525-535, 1999.  These property correlations are applicable over the same range as the equation of state.

Gas-phase viscosity:  250 K to 440 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 230 K to 645 K

The surface tension function has been fit to data provided by Liley and Desai, "Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants", ASHRAE, 1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.  It is valid for temperatures between -150 C to 90 C.

Fluid Property Information


R141B

The thermodynamic properties of refrigerant R141b are provided by Martin-Hou equation of state (A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 1:142, 1955).

The values of specific enthalpy and entropy are referred to 0 for saturated liquid at -40 C (F)..

Range of applicability for transport function correlations:

Gas-phase viscosity:  250 K to 475 K

Liquid-phase viscosity: 250 K to 475 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 250 K to 475 K

Liquid-phase thermal conductivity: 250 K to 475 K

Fluid Property Information


R407C

R407C is a blend of R32 / R125 / R134a with mass percentages of  23% / 25% / 52%. Properties for this near-azeotropic blend have been fitted to Martin-Hou equation of state (A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 1:142, 1955) as modified for blends by Bivens and Yokozeki, 1996 Intl. Conference on Ozone Protection Technologies, Washington, DC.

Blends do not necessarily remain at constant temperature during constant pressure evaporation or condensation.  EES will return the bubble point temperature as the temperature corresponding to saturated vapor (X=1) and the dew point temprature corresponding to saturated liquid X=0) at a specified pressure.

Range of applicability for transport function correlations:

Gas-phase viscosity:  200 K to 500 K

Liquid-phase viscosity: 220 K to 359 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 200 K to 500 K

Liquid-phase thermal conductivity: 220 K to 359 K

Fluid Property Information


R410A

R410A is a 50/50 mass percentage blend of R32 and R125. Properties for this near-azeotropic blend have been fitted to Martin-Hou equation of state (A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 1:142, 1955) as modified for blends by Bivens and Yokozeki, 1996 Intl. Conference on Ozone Protection Technologies, Washington, DC.

Blends do not necessarily remain at constant temperature during constant pressure evaporation or condensation.  EES will return the bubble point temperature as the temperature corresponding to saturated vapor (X=1) and the dew point temprature corresponding to saturated liquid X=0) at a specified pressure.

Range of applicability for transport function correlations:

Gas-phase viscosity:  200 K to 500 K

Liquid-phase viscosity: 200 K to 343 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 200 K to 500 K

Liquid-phase thermal conductivity: 200 K to 343 K

Fluid Property Information


R404A

R404A is a blend of R125 / R143a / R134a with mass percentages of  44% / 52% / 4%. Properties for this near-azeotropic blend have been fitted to Martin-Hou equation of state (A.I.Ch.E. Journal, 1:142, 1955) as modified for blends by Bivens and Yokozeki, 1996 Intl. Conference on Ozone Protection Technologies, Washington, DC.

Blends do not necessarily remain at constant temperature during constant pressure evaporation or condensation.  EES will return the bubble point temperature as the temperature corresponding to saturated vapor (X=1) and the dew point temprature corresponding to saturated liquid X=0) at a specified pressure.

Range of applicability for transport function correlations:

Gas-phase viscosity:  200 K to 600 K

Liquid-phase viscosity: 220 K to 345 K

Gas-phase thermal conductivity: 200 K to 600 K

Liquid-phase thermal conductivity: 220 K to 345 K

Fluid Property Information


NEON

NEON provides thermodynamic properties for Neon using the fundamental equation of state described in the paper entitled "Thermodynamic Properties of Neon for Temperatures from the Triple Point to 700 K at Pressures to 700 MPa", Katti, R. Jacobsen, R.T, Stewart, R.B., and Jahangiri, M., Adv. Cyro. Eng.,  Vol 31, p. 1189, 1986

It appears that the ancillary equations provided in the above reference are in error.  Ancillary equations were fitted to the data provided in "Thermodynamnic Properties of Refrigerants" by Stewart, R., Jacobsen, R., and Penoncello, S., ASHRAE, 1986, ISBN 0-910110-47-6

The values of specific enthalpy and entropy are referred to values of 0 at 298.15 K and 101.325 kPa.

Transport and surface tension data are based on the information provided in "Thermodynamic Properties of Refrigerants", P.E. Liley and P.D. Desai, ASHRAE, ISBN 1-883413-10-9, 1993.  These data are provided in the range from 25 K to 700 K for gases and from 25 K to 44 K for liquids and for surface tension.

Fluid Property Information


STEAM_IAPWS

Steam_IAPWS is only available in the Professional version.

Steam_IAPWS implements high accuracy thermodynamic properties of water substance with the 1995 Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use, issued by The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS).  This correlation replaced the 1984 formulation of Haar, Gallagher, and Kell (NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1984) which is implemented in substance STEAM.  The new formulation is based on the correlations of Saul and Wagner (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 16, 893, 1987) with modifications to adjust to the International Temperature Scale of 1990. The modifications are described by Wagner and Pruss (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 22, 783, 1993).

This correlation provides accurate results for temperatures between 273.15 K and 1273.15 K at pressures up to 1000 MPa.  The formulation allows extrapolation of properties to 5000 K.  Steam_IAPWS is available only in the Professional version.

Water also provides steam properties, but they use less accurate correlations which require significantly less computational effort.  Use Steam or Waterfor the properties of ice at temperatures below 0 C based on ice property information from Hyland and Wexler, Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Phases of H2O from 173.15 K to 473.15 K, ASHRAE Trans., Part 2A, Paper 2793, 1983.

Enthalpy and entropy values are referred to 0 for saturated liquid at 0 C.

The thermal conductivity, viscosity, and surface tension correlations for Steam_IAPWS are from J. Kestin, J.V. Sengers, B. Kangmar-Parsi, and J.M.H. Levelt Sengers, "Thermophysical Properties of Fluid H2O," J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 13, 175 (1984).  The range of applicability for these transport correlations is the same as for the thermodynamic properties.

Fluid Property Information


Argon

ARGON provides thermodynamic properties using the fundamental equation of state developed by C. Tegeler, R. Span, and W. Wagner, "Eine neue Fundamental-gleichung für das fluide Zustandsgebiet von Argon für Temperaturen von der Schmelzlinie bis 700 K und Drücke bis 1000 MPa", Fortschritt-Berichte VDI, Reihe 3: Verfahrenstechnik Nr. 480.

Viscosity and thermal conductivity data are from  B.A.Younglove and H.J.M. Hanley, J.Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 15, No. 4, 1986.  These transport properties are applicable over the same range of conditions as for the thermodynamic properties.  However, note that enhancement of thermal conductivity in the critical point region is not included.

Surface tension data are from P.E. Liley and P.D. Desai, "Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants", ASHRAE, 1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.  The range of valid for the surface tension data is 90 K < T < 145 K.

Fluid Property Information.